A Summary of the Geography Semester

Coded by: Jay
Graphics: Jay
Scripting: Jay
Photos: (Sorta Mostly) Jay
Subject Ideas:

Chapter 1: Where do Canadians Live?

Canada is the second largest country in the world, behind Russia (#1) and above China (#3). Despite Canadas size, it has a very low population of around 40 million. Canada has 4 people per square kilometer which is low, and the U.S.A has 35 people per square kilometer. Canada is typically populated ner the U.S.A border, near water, or near other cities. Canada has a Concentrated Settlement Pattern meaning communities are less dispersed and clumped together into larger areas. This is important to know when moving and for understanding how the economy works and also how canada works.

people per square kilometer settlements patterns

Chapter 2: Tectonic Plates

On earth, there are 7 main tectonic plates: The North american plate, South American plate, the African plate, the Eurasian plate, the Australian plate, and the Antarctic plate. Tectonic plates are the uppermost layer of rock of the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates move and shift daily, albeit very slow, and this is how we experience earthquakes and shakes. There are 3 kinds of plate boundaries. Convergent, Divergent, and Transform. A convergent boundary is when two plates converge on eachother. This causes ridges and small mountains as the plates usually go one on top of the other. Divergent boundaries is when tectonic plates pull away from eachother. this causes depressions in the land, and this is usually how tsunami's are formed, as this normally happens under the ocean or under a lake. Lastly, a Transform boundary is when two plates scrape beside eachother, one going one way and the other going the opposite direction. This is where earthquakes are formed. Earthquakes are very dangerous and it is good to know how earthquakes are formed to try and help you survive, and it also important to know where earthquakes are liekly to hit.

tectonic plates plate boundaries

Chapter 3: Climate Graphs

Climate graphs are very important for the study of weather and climate. Climategraphs show 2 types of information: precipitation and tempurature over a 1 year period. The blue bar at the bottom represents precipitation, and is guaged by the bar on the right, usually in millimeters. The red line at the top represents tempurature and can be guaged by the bar on the right. Climategraphs are very useful to find the warmest and coldest months of the year, seasons, dry and wet seasons. Climate also changes by the region that a place is in (farther north is going to be colder and less precipitation). Things like this are importantto know if something like adrought happens or if we ever want to go into the climate buisness.

climategraph climate regions

Chapter 4:The 3 r's

The 3'r refer to Recycling, Reusing, and Reducing. Recycling is when you put your paper, cardboard and other recyclables into a seperate bin than your garbage to reuse. Reusing helps more than recycling, as it is re-purposing old items, instead of throwing them away, for example you could use old plastic containers for holding papers or pencils. Reducing is the most resource saving, as it is not allowing yourself to get many plastic products or non-recycleable objects. This is good to grow awareness of global issues and platic struggles

the 3 r's arbage types

Chapter 5: Renewable Resources

Renewable resources are resources that can regrow or replenish if we are careful. Renewable resources can be things like: Wood, Oxygen, Food types such as vegetables and fruit, and much more. Renewable resources are the opposite of Non-Renewable resources, which can not be regrown or renewed, some can but the process is over thousands of years. Examples include coal, iron, or diamonds. Most non-renewable resources are things like minerals. The most basic kind of renewable resources are agriculture related ones such as plants. Canada has lots of land space, but most of it is not suitable for growth. Only .5 percent of all land in canada is excellent for plant growth. Growing Degree ddays in a certain place is not only how fast plants can grow but als what kind of plants can grow there. Many farms want to be in higher GDD because it means that crops can grow more each year to support their growth. Most of canada has a GDD of 1327. This is moderate and can support most growth. Growing degree days are a crucial part of making and growing food.

farmland in canada growing degree days

Chapter 6: Is fresh water Canada's special resource?

Canada leads the world in most fresh water, due to its large amount of lakes and groundwater. Canada has a very high cost of living and a very high quality of life. We use most of our water on showers, toilets, and washing clothes. Many of us drink not alot of water per day. Factories also use many gallons of water for 1 or 2 shirts or clothing items. Knowing what water is used for is very important for learning what the planet is like and how we can help the earth.

water sources water usage

Chapter 7: The R/P Ratio

The r/p ratio refers to the ratio between reserves (r) and production (p). Reserves refer to the amount of a certain non-renewable resource we have left. Production refers to the amount of that non-renewable resource we are using for producing other products. If we know that we have 1m tonnes estimated of diamonds left on earth, and we use 100k diamonds per year, using the r/p ratio, we can see that 1m divided by 100k, we can see that we have 10 years left of diamonds to use up. This is important to know to see how we use our resources and how long we have with them

r/p ratio r/p ratio 2

Chapter 8:Location Factors


1. Location of customers: buisnesses want to be close to customers to lower transportation fees and also to be able to sell
2. Proximity of raw materials: buisnesses need materials to run, and the closer they are to the materials the more they can get and the easier it makes their life
3. Availability of water and power: buisnesses need water and energy to power no matter what they are doing
4. Labour supply: buisnesses need workers and jobs for their company to be able to run
5. Trasportation: easily acessible train stations, airports, and roads mean easier transportation and easier selling to consumers
6. Political factors: places have different laws aiding and burdening companies
7. Circumstance: Another non-logical reason for the buisness being located there
This is important to know because we can now see why we see buisnesses where we do see them and the reasoning behind it.

location factors transportation

Chapter 9:The 3 Sectors of labour

There are 3 labour sectors: Primary, Secondary, And service
1. Primary: the primary sector is the sector that gets minerals and ores from the earth. (example is a miner)
2. Secondary: the secondary sector is the sector that manufactures and processes the primary sectors' resources. (example is a factory worker)
3. Service: the service sector uses the secondary's products to provide a service. (example is a cashier). It is important to know the footprint we have and the stages that things go through before getting to us.

Chapter 10: Immigration

Immigration is when someone moves from one country to another. Immigration can be for many reasons, money, family, religion, weather, the list goes on and on. When someone is a refugee, then it means that they moved due to very bad circumstances or persecution. Many people that came to Canada at one point were immigrants, unless you are an indigenous person. Immigration is impoartant to know because we may not know how hard moving is for people.

Chapter 11: Overpopulation

As the earth's population increases, the issue of overpopulation comes into play. Canada has lots of room, but many people live near the border. Other countries that are small, like Korea, already are struggling with overpopulation. Overpopulation is bad due to the need for shelter, food, water, and jobs. Canada has lots of land to be able to sprawl out onto and so it should not be an issue to grown more. This is important because we need to see the population and its growth.

Chapter 12: Liveability

The liveability of a place is how easy it is to live in a certai nplace. Liveability factors include jobs, money, houses, roads, and more. Canada and ontario has a very high livability due to the fact that there are lots of roads for transportation, there are many jobs for people and there are many highways and buisnesses. When a places livability is low, then many people will not want to live there, hence why nobody really lives in antarctica. It is important to learn this because when wee move somewhere we need to know what and where we are moving into.

Chapter 13: Urbanization

Urbanization is when population growth occurs in cities or towns. Urbanization usually is due to immigration, moving between provinces or territories, or birth. Most of Canada's population is located in cities, and you can see based on tghe pictures below that urbanization is very big in the new day. Many rural areas are losing their people due to wanting to have a better city to live in or work in.

Chapter 14: Liveability an sustainability

Liveability is how lievable a community is, with jobs, roads, stores, entertainments etc. Sustainability is how sustanable something is, or how managed it is. Living sustanably and liveably is difficult. Canada has a very high liveability, and logically it also has a low sustainability. As a whole we need to make our country sustainable by doing our part, and this is very important to continueing on and being good stewards.

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